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he merely directed his energies into other channels. Other local squires who figure prominently in the Port Books of Milford during Elizabeth's reign were John Butler the elder of Coed- canlas, Thomas Laugharne of St. Bride's, Sir John Perrot, John Wyrriot of Orielton, Griffith White of Henllan, John Scourfield of New Moat, John Adams of Paterchurch, Sir Francis Meyrick of the Fleet, Monkton, and his brother John Meyrick, William Longueville, Sir Hugh Owen of Orielton, and Rice Phillips Scarfe of Lamphey. This list is not exhaustive, nor does it indicate the fact that local squires sometimes invested money in Bristol trading ventures, and possibly those of other towns. Apart from these men must be considered some of the leading merchants of Haverford, who were inconspicuously building up estates in the countryside, men like David Voyle,3 William Gwyn, Morris Walter, and Sir Morris Canon. A number of landowners, including Hugh Powell and Alban Stepney, made profits out of supplying the needs of the royal armies in Ireland.4 In 1601 Richard Wogan was factor for Captain John Woods, the royal purveyor for Munster,5 and Thomas Powell, a close relative of Morgan Powell of Greenhill, was factor for John Johulls, purveyor for the province of Leinster.6 There were few landlords of any note who were not alive to the chances of enrichment through trade. Sir John Perrot exported grain regularly to Gloucestershire,' and at the very end of Elizabeth's reign Sir Hugh Owen was sending wheat, barley, and pilcorn to Caernarvon.8 There seems to have been something of a boom during the last years of Elizabeth's reign for those who could farm for the market or invest wealth in trading ventures. While large armies were deployed in Ireland there were no marketing problems in Pembrokeshire. The exports of the county consisted mainly of agricultural produce and coal, though of the latter Owen pointed out that generally the countrie people dislike with the sellinge of this comoditie least in time yt growe so scarce that the countrie shall want it, being the greatest fuell, as it hath allreadie enhaunsed the price thereof.0 The squire from whose lands the coal was dug would either rent the pits to the workers, who usually grouped themselves into syndicates of sixteen or so, or else he would take every third barrel for himself.10 Small pits were to be found in a broad belt from Coedrath to St. Bride's Bay, and were especially important in the parishes of Talbenny, 1 TheWelsh Port Books reveal that he had trading contracts from 1952 onwards with Bristol, La Rochelle, and Newfoundland. 2 Morgan Powell, William Jones, George Eynon, and Rice Prickett were all members of the Bristol branch of the Spanish Company. F. Jones, Some records of a sixteenth-century Pembrokeshire estate, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies, vol. XIII, 1949, p. 92, for an account of the Voyle estate. Cal. S.P. re Ireland, 1509-73, pp. 468 and 520 Welsh Port Books pp. 188, 190, 200. 5 Welsh Port Books, p. 200. « Ibid., p. 202. P. C. C. Evans, Sir John Perrot, Unpublished M.A. dissertation, 1940, National Library of Wales, p. 279. Welsh Port Books, p. 221. Owen's Penbrokshire, vol. 1, p. 57. 0 Ibid., vol. 1, pp. 89-90.