Welsh Journals

contact with the British government and its Prime Minister, Lord Palmerston. He wrote much for the British press, putting the Hungarian case against Austria. Pulszky also co-operated with British sympathisers in collecting money for the hapless Hungarian refugees who came to England, some of them en route for the United States. It was through this work that a committee, which Pulszky had organised in London, came in contact with Arthur James Johnes, a county court judge of north Wales who organised meetings to show sympathy with the Hungarians during 1849 in Liverpool, Bala, Aberystwyth and Bangor, and collected throughout Wales subscriptions for the refugees. Thomas Kabdebo uses the researches of Marion Jones to describe Johnes's activities. He also quotes a letter from Francis Newman, the liberal- minded brother of the more famous cardinal, and an ardent supporter of the Hungarians, who wrote to Pulszky in 1850, 'Do you see that the Welsh are beginning to sound the praises of the Magyars in their own tongue?'. This was no doubt a reference to the articles of Gwilym Hiraethog in Yr Amserau. Later R. J. Derfel, author of an epic poem in Welsh, Brad Y Lyfrau Gleision, wrote an equally impressive poem on Kossuth, also in Welsh. Indeed, this response to 1848 nationalism has often been regarded as the first awakening of a similar trend in Wales. Pulszky was not a charismatic figure like Kossuth. He was more conservative and constitutionally-minded and, at first, successfully coached Kossuth to appeal to pacific Liberal opinion in Britain, to men like Cobden and Bright. However, Kossuth was forever trying to revive the 1848 49 war, seeking to create alliances that in fact always fell apart before achieving their aims. He also played a conspiratorial role, purchasing arms and preparing for revolution. Thomas Kabdebo shows how Pulszky became involved in these activities, though he finally repudiated the policy and the methods employed and parted from the man whose role he had done so much to promote. The dilemma of an exile both towards his oppressed country and the country in which he has chosen to reside forms one of the most intersting themes of this thoughtful and scholarly book. Thomas Kabdebo is himself an exile from the 1956 Hungarian uprising. Like Pulszky he has wide interests and is now librarian at the John Rylands Library in Manchester University. He has just published a bibliography of all the works written on Hungary in Europe and America for the World Bibliographical Series (vol. 15). In 1961 he took a history degree at the University College of South Wales, Cardiff. It is gratifying to see how he has been able to use his residence in Wales to illuminate Pulszky's activities in exile. N. C. MASTERMAN Swansea CYMRU A'R MOR, MARITIME WALES. Number 4, July 1979. Eds. A. Eames, L. Lloyd, B. Parry, J. Stubbs. Gwynedd Archives Service, 1979. Pp. 142. £ 2.00. The fourth number of Maritime Wales follows a now familiar format. There are articles on subjects from underwater archaeology, at Llyn