Welsh Journals

content) rather than secularity which offered the alternative to official Christianity. Such unofficial religion and 'quasi-religion' is subsequently pursued through an examination of politics, community and the monarchy, through culture and belief, and through empire and war. Inevitably, these chapters cannot be exhaustive but they are suggestive. The diffuse nature of late-Victorian and Edwardian religion, he concludes, was an important factor in giving ideological legitimacy to the national mood. Patriotism led to the threshold of a nationalism which equated the cause of Britain with the cause of God and drew strength from the unresolved tensions between 'England' and 'Britain', associated respectively with Anglican and Protestant frameworks. Naturally, much more could be said from a Welsh angle on this particular issue, though Dr. Wolffe does not say it. To be fair, he does strive to give Wales attention, though it is dispiriting that he cannot spell either William Williams Pantycelyn or Iolo Morganwg. A more serious criticism is that, with only small exceptions, he seems to think that 'religion' in Greater Britain, however conceived, is for men only. In general, however, he is to be congratulated on a book which does have something for all the categories of reader he sought to target at the outset. KEITH ROBBINS Lampeter SOCIAL POLICY, CRIME AND PUNISHMENT: ESSAYS IN MEMORY OF JANE MORGAN. Edited by Ieuan Gwynedd Jones and Glanmor Williams. University of Wales Press, Cardiff, 1994. Pp. 202. £ 25.00. Dr. Jane Morgan died suddenly and tragically in 1992 at the age of 42. As many readers will know, she graduated in history from Aberystwyth, obtained her doctorate through a study of Lord Addison, worked for some time in Oxford on the history of penal policy, then wrote her own study of the policing of labour disputes in the inter- war years (Conflict and Order, 1987, reviewed ante, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 333-5). She became research officer at the Centre for Criminological Research in Oxford University and carried out an acclaimed study of child victims, and then joined the staff of the Department of Law at University College, Aberystwyth, whilst also fulfilling the role of Principal's wife. Social Policy, Crime and Punishment is a volume of essays in her memory and, within its covers, we find in reality two books. It is, for those who knew Jane, a fitting celebration of the breadth of her talents and achievements: there are eight essays by close colleagues, preceded by a full introduction and by the text of Professor I. G. Jones's tribute delivered at the memorial service in Aberystwyth, and followed by seven short 'Recollections and Reminiscences' from other close friends. It is also a 'working' book, and the eight substantive essays will stand the test of time as valuable contributions to scholarship. The first three essays have historical themes, reflecting Jane's early career as a historian. Peter Clarke's defence of the historical significance of leadership and leaders shines like a beacon. Focusing on Lloyd George and Churchill, he joins battle with Hobsbawm's critique of the 'cult of personality' in historical explanation,