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deliberately in sketch form. A general plan of the area showing the locations referred to in the text would have made this account more complete to those less familiar with the Rhondda than the author. Malcolm Fisk's book is a thorough and useful account and discussion of a fundamental aspect of the industrial development of these twin valleys. Certainly it will be of interest to those who now live there and to those who study the Rhondda's history. It will also be, for the differences even more than for the similarities, a valuable source of comparative material for those who research such buildings in other areas. BERNARD MORRIS Swansea Citizenship AND COMMUNITY: LIBERALS, RADICALS AND Collective IDENTITIES IN THE British ISLES, 1865-1931. Edited by E. F. Biagini. Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. £ 45.00. It is almost as difficult to review collections of essays as it is to edit them. Editors relentlessly pursue contributions which will result in an integrated and coherent study of a developing field-and which will come in on time. The whole, they hope, will be even stronger than the sum of the individually excellent parts. Reviewers invariably point out that they have failed, that the contributions are uneven and that the theme is sometimes forced. Biagini's theme-the ideological links between various forms of radicalism to be found across the UK between the 1860s and the 1930s-is certainly worth pursuing. He does not see a common commitment to individual liberty as the key unifying element of a radical tradition. Rather, he argues that Liberals, advanced radicals and social democrats involved in a wide variety of causes-from Celtic nationalism through religious revivalism and the womens' suffrage campaigns-were inspired to proclaim the rights and the central importance of community by religious humanism or by a belief in active and participatory citizenship. The existence of this common ideological thrust, he maintains, was vitally important in maintaining the complex unity of both Liberal and Labour parties in the period being studied. To make his point for him, Biagini assembles a collection of essays which are (it has to be said) rather uneven in scope. We are offered detailed and researched pieces on quite specific events (Liberal opposition to the Cattle Diseases Bill of 1878, Moody and Sankey, the Liberal party in Ulster) by new and in some cases very promising authors. Alongside these are much broader and less densely researched accounts by established authorities,