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THE EXCAVATION OF A LONG HUT NEAR BWLCH YR HENDRE INTRODUCTION This note describes the examination of an isolated long hut in the upper Rheidol valley. The work was part of a survey by the Royal Commission on Ancient Monuments of those areas to be flooded as a result of the Rheidol Valley Hydro-Electric Scheme.1 The excavation of two Bronze Age barrows at Aber Camddwr by Mr. A. H. A. Hogg will be the subject of a separate paper.' DESCRIPTION The hut3 stands beside the Afon Camddwr, one mile above its junction with the main stream of the Rheidol at a point some 4t miles north of Ponterwyd and 10J miles east-north-east of Aberystwyth. The site lies at about 1,080 feet above sea level, occupying a shelf of level ground 8 feet above the stream's south bank and lying slightly to the west of an extensive peat bog, Cors-y-garreg. When first noted by Mr. Hogg, the outline of the hut was clearly visible in the coarse turf as a stone-faced bank, generally 3 feet wide and 2 feet high except where robbed at one corner. The interior was filled with rushes. Limited excavation was undertaken during 1962 and in the spring of 1963 the site was submerged as the Nant-y-moch reservoir reached completion. EXCAVATION The hut was 30 feet long by I I feet internally and the method of examination adopted was to clear sections 6 feet wide by 5 feet long alternately throughout the hut. Beneath the turf, mainly rushes, was a stone tumble on to a gravel layer 4 to 6 inches thick which in turn overlay natural yellow-brown peaty soil. It was necessary to clear a complete cross section at the centre to reveal the doorway and at each end to examine the domestic arrangements. At the south end the gable had fallen inwards on to a clean gravel floor, while at the lower (north) end, where the gable had fallen outwards, a hearth and bakestone were centrally placed. The lower end wall was 41 feet thick while the other three walls were 3 feet thick. The doorway was slightly nearer the lower end and was a simple gap 30 inches wide without sill or door posts it could be distinguished only because the gravel spread continued through it instead of stopping at the side walls. All the walls were of simple construction massive boulders formed the outer faces and a packing of smaller stones and turf provided the infilling. At a few points the side walls stood three or four courses high. Their material was entirely local, using shales or boulders from the