Welsh Journals

George van Parris, vide Peace, Print and Protestant, by C.S.L. Davies (1976), p. 266. 10 Simon Renard, the Imperial Ambassador to Philip (5 February 1555), and his letter to the Emperor (27 March 1555). Sources taken from Dr. D.M. Loades, The Reign of Mary Tudor (1979), notes on 'The Religious Reaction Pole as Legate', pp. 321- 364. 11 Bonner's secretary wrote to his master in 1556, 'I do see by experience that the sworn inquest for heresies do, most commonly, indict the simple, ignorant and wretched heretics, and do let the arch heretics go; which is one great cause that moveth the rude multitude to murmur, when they see the simple wretches (not knowing what heresy is) to bum'. Claire Cross, Church and People 1450-1660 (1976), Chapter 5, 'Catholic Restoration and Protestant Resistance', p. 120.f. 12 Among the Five Bishops executed were Cranmer, Ridley, Latimer, Hooper and Ferrar; all leading ecclesiastics during the previous reign. 13 England had been an ally of Spain since the reign of Henry VII (1485-1509), and the Treaty of Medina del Campo (1489). 14 An excellent account of Wyatt's Rebellion (1554), appears in Tudor Rebellions by A. Fletcher, pp. 69-81 (Seminar Studies in History series). 15 The Pomegranate was chosen as one of the mint-marks for the coinage of Philip and Mary (1554-1558). On the shilling and sixpence denominations, Philip's portrait appeared with that of Mary. On the sovereign (of 30 shillings), the reverse legend read A Domino Factum est istud et est mirabile in Oclis Nostris, demonstrating Mary's conviction that the Spanish Marriage was divinely inspired. 16 Geneva was extremely well equipped with printing presses. 17 D.M. Loades provides a comprehensive list of contemporary printed works in The Reign of Mary Tudor (1979), pp. 483-485. 18 The Marian Government was so concerned by the influx of Protestant literature into England, that it was laid down in 1556 that anyone found in possession of a seditious book would be executed. 19 Cross, op. cit. Chapter 5, p. 123.