Welsh Journals

toffee, Dan Gipsy's bus and Incubator Row, so called because of the large families living there. It is gratifying to be able to turn to a good index and R.D. Whitaker of D. Brown & Sons Ltd. must be complimented for his work in ensuring that this book has been produced to a very high standard. The author drew upon many sources for his information especially The History of Llangynwyd Parish by Thomas Christopher Evans (Cadrawd) published in 1887 which he described as "the most auth- oritative and comprehensive book on the area". This is no longer true as surely that accolade now belongs to Brinley Richards. Richard Keen CARDIFF AND THE MARQUESSES OF BUTE, by John Davies. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1981. 335pp. £ 12.95. In 1766, when Lord Mountstuart (who was to become the first Mar- quess of Bute in 1796) married Charlotte, the daughter and eventual sole heiress of Lord Windsor, the Cardiff Castle estate represented 'merely a remnant' of the vast possessions granted to Lady Char- lotte's ancestors, the Herbert Earls of Pembroke, by the Crown in the sixteenth century. Until the mid-seventeenth century the Herbert estates had included thirty-six manors and five boroughs in Glam- organ covering about half the county in addition to large posses- sions in Monmouthshire. During the century after the Restoration, however, much land had been sold off, including the whole of the Monmouthshire estate, also four manors in Gower, sold to Sir Edward Mansel of Margam in 1666, and the 'Seven Western Lord- ships', sold to Sir Humphrey Mackworth of Neath in the early eighteenth century, and the Herberts' possessions had become confined to the northern uplands of Glamorgan and to the area around Cardiff -at this time still 'a small, decayed market town', with a population of only 1,870 in 1801. Neglect by the owners and mismanagement by their agents had led to further extensive losses: a situation which continued, indeed, until the second Marquess of