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21 William Rees, Caerphilly Castle and its place in the annals of Glamorgan (Caerphilly, 1974), p.48. 22 T.J. Prichard, Representative Bodies (Llandysul 1988), pp.21-2. 23 Jones, Celtic Britain, pp.338-9. 24 I am grateful to Christine James for much of the information in these paragraphs. 25 Information from Robert Cullen of Pontypridd, who was brought up near Penrhys. 26 Jones, Celtic Britain, p.558. 27 Prichard, Representative Bodies, p.29. 28 Jones, 'Gwilym Tew', p.448. 29 Jones, Celtic Britain, p.340. 30 Jones, Celtic Britain, p.559. 31 Jones, Celtic Britain, p.340. 32 Gwaith Rhys Brydydd, p. 13. 33 Jones, Celtic Britain, pp.338-9. 34 Stopford, 'Archaeology of Christian Pilgrimage', pp.58-9. 35 Archaeologia Cambrensis, 1889, p.112. 36 Williams, White Monks, p.81; The Welsh Cistercians (Caldey Island, 1984), p.80; Atlas of Cistercian Lands in Wales (Cardiff, 1990), pp.33-34. 37 PRO, SC6/Henry VIII/2500. PRO, SC6/Henry VIII/2506. 39 Williams, White Monks, p.81, and references therein. PRO, SC6/Henry VIII/7323, 7329; NLW, Milborne 172; Keith E. Kissack, Medieval Monmouth (Monmouth, 1974), p.44. Toulmin Smith, pp.15-16. 42 cf Toulmin Smith, pp.13, 17-18. 43 Toulmin Smith, pp.35-36. 44 Toulmin Smith, p.35. 45 Rice Merrick, Morganiae Archaiographia: a Book of the Antiquities of Glamorgan, ed. Brian Ll. James (South Wales Record Society, Barry Island, 1983), p. 135. Jones, 'Gwilym Tew', p.448 Hartwell Jones in Celtic Britain translates graean as sandy, but the word really indicates small stones, pebbles or shale. This could apply to virtually any fordable point on the river. 47 Royal Commission, Glamorgan, III (II), pp.356-7: R023. Stopford, 'Archaeology', p.66. 49 David Williams, pers. comm. 50 Francis Jones, The Holy Wells of Wales (Cardiff, 1954), p. 188. 51 I am grateful to Ceinwen Thomas of Nantgarw for this information, based on the recollections of her mother and grandmother. 52 Royal Commission, Glamorgan, III (II), pp.353, 355, 356: nos RO 11-13, RO 18, RO 20-21. 53 pers comm. 54 A.G. Mein, 'A deserted village and other remains: Llantarnam Abbey, near Cwmbran, Gwent', Annual Report of the Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust, 1981/2, pp.47-52. 55 PRO, MR 1061. 56 I am grateful to Martin Culliford for this point.