Welsh Journals

base is at the base of bed 96 in the section, conforming with the base of the Pfidoli Formation at its junction with the underlying Kopanina Formation. It should be noted that the Czech stratigraphers have agreed to change the name of the Pfidoli Formation in a future publication in order to avoid its coincidence with the Series name. The marker point correlates with the base of the Monograptus parultimus graptolite Biozone in the section. The base of the Pfidoli Series automatically defines the top of the underlying Ludlow Series. ICS approved this proposal and definition by 20 votes in favour, 1 against, and 4 abstentions. Professor Charles H. Holland, Department of Geology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland. Moths (Heterocera) of north Cardiganshire, 1981-1983 Philip M. Miles An investigation has been carried out to ascertain the species of moths occurring at Cnwch Coch (SN 677750) 122m above sea level to compliment records obtained twenty-eight to thirty years ago at Trawscoed (SN 670731) 31m above sea level and more recently at Ynyslas at sea level (SN 609944) (Miles 1981). Observation methods: A Robinson light-trap employing a 150 watt. 'Pearl' bulb at Cnwch Coch was sited at 122m above sea level on the edge of an ornamental garden facing south over open ground to the Magwr valley, with Trawscoed to the south-west. Bait made from equal parts by volume of Brown Barbados sugar gently heated with a mixture of beer and cider was applied to the trunk of fruit trees in the apple orchard. Vegetation: The ornamental garden is part of 0.6 ha of unimproved, uncut rough hill land with a number of grass and weed species extending to neighbouring improved grassland grazed by sheep and cattle, topography prohibiting cutting. Nearby fields are bounded by mostly uncut, long established hedgerows including: Prunus avium L., P. spinosa L., Malus sylvestris Miller, Crataegus monogyna J acq., Corylus avellana L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Rosa arvensis Huds., Hedera helix L., two very fine examples of Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) and two F. excelsior are outstanding landmarks. The informal ornamental garden is situated on sloping hillside. Among the diverse subjects present are Erica carnea, Calluna, Daboecia, Artemisea, Mentha, Salvia officinalis and a variety of low growing shrubs such References Bassett, M.G. 1985 Towards a 'Common Language' in stratigraphy. Episodes, 8(2), 87-92. Cocks, L.R.M., Woodcock, N.H., Rickards, R.B., Temple, J.T., and Lane, P.D. 1984. The Llandovery Series of the type area. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Geol Series) 38(3), 131-182. as Rhododendron, Azalia, Lonicera, Cytisus, Ribes spp., Viburnum, Lauristinus, Cornus, Forsythia, Ligustrum, Hypericum, Berberis, Deutzia, Wiegela, Potentilla, Rosa spp. Philadelphus, Pieris, Cotoneaster, Arundinaria, Syringa, Kalmia. Taller trees grow above these subjects: Prunus sargentii Rehd., P. serrulata Lindl. (Kanzan), Quercus petraea, Taxus baccata L., Salix alba tristis, Liburnum x watereri Dipp. syn. L. vossi Hort., Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr. Betula pendula Roth., Acer sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. and a small orchard of mature and younger apple and plum trees, currants and gooseberries with intersecting lawns. A nearby kitchen garden completes the habitat in the immediate vicinity of the light-trap. Trawscoed has 2.4 ha of ornamental grounds and surrounding woodlands established over several centuries, whereas the Cnwch Coch garden is comparatively recent. Nevertheless this small 'oasis' is sufficient to sustain several species of insects and birds which breed regularly. Herbicides, fungicides and insecticides have not been used in the area except on one large farm at Trawscoed. The land falls steeply away towards the Afon Magwr and Afon Ystwyth, where at approximately 52m above sea level the Ystwyth valley is about 1.6 km wide. Soil: The soil is derived from Silurian shale, the slopes are of the Denbigh Association. Climate: Warm air from the sea 1.2 km to the west rises as it leaves the valley with the result that the average rainfall is 1200 mm per annum.