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I shall notice Owen Rhoscomyl's opinion later. It will be remarked that all the above writers agree in the view that Madoc was related to Llewelyn ap Griffith, either as kinsman or as natural son. The former hypothesis is certainly quite tenable the latter is the more commonly accepted, but there are, it seems to me, formidable difficulties in the way. Under the laws of succession prevailing in Old Wales, Madoc, whether legitimate or not, would have been entitled to succeed on the murder of his father. Yet it was Llewelyn's brother Davydd who assumed the barren title on that event, and Madoc apparently "lay low." This objection is indeed far from insuperable Madoc may for instance have been too young to combat the useless usurpation of his uncle, or he may have realised the hopeless futility of further resistance. Nevertheless, it is strange, to say the least of it, that we hear no mention whatever of him at the time. But even if this point can be successfully disposed of, another objection remains. Why did Edward leave him in the country to become the leader of a dangerous revolt ? The fate of Llewelyn's daughter is uncertain whether she became the Countess of Fife, as some say (see Woodward's History of Wales), or whether, as others think, she was forced into a convent after the capture of Davydd-she certainly died a cloistered nun at Sempringham-it seems clear that she was not left in the country to be a possible cause of rebellion in the future. Similar precautions were taken with the children of Davydd. Is it conceivable that the ruthless King would have taken no steps at all against Madoc, who, according to the laws of succession in Old Wales, was nearer to the throne of Llewelyn than any of the foregoing persons ? The problem has perhaps arisen from the circum- stance that there was more than one person of import- ance named Llewelyn ap Griffith at that time. It is, no doubt, only natural that when that name is mentioned, everyone should think of the ill-starred