Welsh Journals

between Killay and Sketty known as the Olchfa was given its name by the cocklewomen, because here they used to wash their feet in the stream and put on their boots so as to be respectable for the town. Modern efficiency and commerce have urbanised many a village; but tradition dies hard in Penclawdd and it will be a long time before the streets of South Wales lose their Saturday morning cry of Cockles J. M. T. (Note.-For information about the cockle industry I am indebted to Commander Gibson, Secretary of the South Wales Fisheries Committee, Mr. Guy, Mrs. Morfydd Jones, and other Penclawdd friends.) THE RED LADY OF PAVILAND. Sooner or later, when you visit Gower you come to hear of Paviland Cave and the Red Lady," but accurate archaeological information is hard to come by, and even those who claim to be authorities on the subject would be puzzled to name all the museums that contain Paviland finds, or all the excavators that have investigated that famous cave. As it has been justly described as archaeologically the richest of the British caves,' it struck me as a worthwhile task to give a short account of what was found in the cave, leaving to others the more delicate job of describing how to get there and what to do if you are cut off by the tide. The first excavation was carried out as long ago as 1823 by local amateurs Dean Buckland, then Professor of Geology at Oxford, came to hear of it and carried out an extensive dig,' the results of which he published that year in his Reliquiae Diluvianae, together with a drawing of the cave showing the position of the headless skeleton which was his most impressive find. Buried with it was the skull of an elephant (one of whose tusks was diseased), a collection of small sea shells, and some ivory rods and rings, all stained with red ochre. As Dean Buckland was concerned to prove that no human remains could be dated previous to the Flood, he found it convenient to associate the Red Lady (her sex was indicated by her ivory finery) with the Roman coins and pottery in the cave and the Roman camp on top of the cliff in fact he made her out to have been a scarlet woman. Unluckily he was wrong in three respects it is not a Roman camp, the skeleton is that of a man and it dates back to the Old Stone Age, at least 10,000 years ago. A number of excavations, official and unofficial, took place sub- sequently, until finally it was decided that the whole cave should be scientifically investigated in 1913, and the task was given to Prof. W. J. Sollas of Oxford, in association with that great French archae- ologist, Abbe Breuil. The whole cave deposit was completely cleared out and the results published in the Journal of the Anthropological